Systemnahe Programmierung in C: stdlib.h
| Systemnahe Programmierung in C: stdlib.h |
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1/* Copyright (C) 1991-2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 This file is part of the GNU C Library.
3
4 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
6 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
7 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8
9 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
12 Lesser General Public License for more details.
13
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
15 License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
16 Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
17 02111-1307 USA. */
18
19/*
20 * ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h>
21 */
22
23#ifndef _STDLIB_H
24
25#include <features.h>
26
27/* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>. */
28#define __need_size_t
29#ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
30# define __need_wchar_t
31# define __need_NULL
32#endif
33#include <stddef.h>
34
35__BEGIN_DECLS
36
37#ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
38#define _STDLIB_H 1
39
40#if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
41/* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined. */
42# include <bits/waitflags.h>
43# include <bits/waitstatus.h>
44
45# ifdef __USE_BSD
46
47/* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
48 as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word. */
49
50# if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
51# define __WAIT_INT(status) \
52 (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u; \
53 __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
54# else
55# define __WAIT_INT(status) (*(int *) &(status))
56# endif
57
58/* This is the type of the argument to `wait'. The funky union
59 causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
60 allowed without complaint. __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
61 the actual function definitions. */
62
63# if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
64# define __WAIT_STATUS void *
65# define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN void *
66# else
67/* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later. */
68typedef union
69 {
70 union wait *__uptr;
71 int *__iptr;
72 } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
73# define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN int *
74# endif
75
76# else /* Don't use BSD. */
77
78# define __WAIT_INT(status) (status)
79# define __WAIT_STATUS int *
80# define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN int *
81
82# endif /* Use BSD. */
83
84/* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way. */
85# define WEXITSTATUS(status) __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
86# define WTERMSIG(status) __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
87# define WSTOPSIG(status) __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
88# define WIFEXITED(status) __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
89# define WIFSIGNALED(status) __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
90# define WIFSTOPPED(status) __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
91# ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
92# define WIFCONTINUED(status) __WIFCONTINUED(__WAIT_INT(status))
93# endif
94#endif /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included. */
95
96__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
97/* Returned by `div'. */
98typedef struct
99 {
100 int quot; /* Quotient. */
101 int rem; /* Remainder. */
102 } div_t;
103
104/* Returned by `ldiv'. */
105#ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
106typedef struct
107 {
108 long int quot; /* Quotient. */
109 long int rem; /* Remainder. */
110 } ldiv_t;
111# define __ldiv_t_defined 1
112#endif
113__END_NAMESPACE_STD
114
115#if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
116__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
117/* Returned by `lldiv'. */
118__extension__ typedef struct
119 {
120 long long int quot; /* Quotient. */
121 long long int rem; /* Remainder. */
122 } lldiv_t;
123# define __lldiv_t_defined 1
124__END_NAMESPACE_C99
125#endif
126
127
128/* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX). */
129#define RAND_MAX 2147483647
130
131
132/* We define these the same for all machines.
133 Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'. */
134#define EXIT_FAILURE 1 /* Failing exit status. */
135#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0 /* Successful exit status. */
136
137
138/* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale. */
139#define MB_CUR_MAX (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
140extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;
141
142
143__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
144/* Convert a string to a floating-point number. */
145extern double atof (__const char *__nptr)
146 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
147/* Convert a string to an integer. */
148extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr)
149 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
150/* Convert a string to a long integer. */
151extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr)
152 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
153__END_NAMESPACE_STD
154
155#if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
156__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
157/* Convert a string to a long long integer. */
158__extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
159 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
160__END_NAMESPACE_C99
161#endif
162
163__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
164/* Convert a string to a floating-point number. */
165extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
166 char **__restrict __endptr)
167 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
168__END_NAMESPACE_STD
169
170#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
171__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
172/* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers. */
173extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
174 char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
175
176extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
177 char **__restrict __endptr)
178 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
179__END_NAMESPACE_C99
180#endif
181
182__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
183/* Convert a string to a long integer. */
184extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
185 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
186 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
187/* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer. */
188extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
189 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
190 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
191__END_NAMESPACE_STD
192
193#if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
194/* Convert a string to a quadword integer. */
195__extension__
196extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
197 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
198 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
199/* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer. */
200__extension__
201extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
202 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
203 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
204#endif /* GCC and use BSD. */
205
206#if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
207__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
208/* Convert a string to a quadword integer. */
209__extension__
210extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
211 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
212 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
213/* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer. */
214__extension__
215extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
216 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
217 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
218__END_NAMESPACE_C99
219#endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC. */
220
221
222#ifdef __USE_GNU
223/* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
224 thought out. Many applications will need to process its data using
225 information from several different locales. Another application is
226 the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
227 upcoming ISO C++ standard library. To support this another set of
228 the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
229 argument.
230
231 Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
232 This is a proof-of-concept implementation. */
233
234/* Structure for reentrant locale using functions. This is an
235 (almost) opaque type for the user level programs. */
236# include <xlocale.h>
237
238/* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
239 use as an additional parameter. */
240extern long int strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
241 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
242 __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
243
244extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
245 char **__restrict __endptr,
246 int __base, __locale_t __loc)
247 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
248
249__extension__
250extern long long int strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
251 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
252 __locale_t __loc)
253 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
254
255__extension__
256extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
257 char **__restrict __endptr,
258 int __base, __locale_t __loc)
259 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
260
261extern double strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
262 char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
263 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
264
265extern float strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
266 char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
267 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
268
269extern long double strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
270 char **__restrict __endptr,
271 __locale_t __loc)
272 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
273#endif /* GNU */
274
275
276#ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
277__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
278__extern_inline double
279__NTH (atof (__const char *__nptr))
280{
281 return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
282}
283__extern_inline int
284__NTH (atoi (__const char *__nptr))
285{
286 return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
287}
288__extern_inline long int
289__NTH (atol (__const char *__nptr))
290{
291 return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
292}
293__END_NAMESPACE_STD
294
295# if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
296__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
297__extension__ __extern_inline long long int
298__NTH (atoll (__const char *__nptr))
299{
300 return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
301}
302__END_NAMESPACE_C99
303# endif
304#endif /* Optimizing and Inlining. */
305
306
307#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
308/* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
309 digit first. Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
310 next call. */
311extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;
312
313/* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above. */
314extern long int a64l (__const char *__s)
315 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
316
317#endif /* Use SVID || extended X/Open. */
318
319#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_BSD
320# include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
321
322/* These are the functions that actually do things. The `random', `srandom',
323 `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
324 The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
325 We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator. */
326/* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive. */
327extern long int random (void) __THROW;
328
329/* Seed the random number generator with the given number. */
330extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
331
332/* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
333 of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED. Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
334 32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
335 cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down. */
336extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
337 size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
338
339/* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
340 which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'. */
341extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
342
343
344# ifdef __USE_MISC
345/* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
346 These functions all use the following data structure to contain
347 state, rather than global state variables. */
348
349struct random_data
350 {
351 int32_t *fptr; /* Front pointer. */
352 int32_t *rptr; /* Rear pointer. */
353 int32_t *state; /* Array of state values. */
354 int rand_type; /* Type of random number generator. */
355 int rand_deg; /* Degree of random number generator. */
356 int rand_sep; /* Distance between front and rear. */
357 int32_t *end_ptr; /* Pointer behind state table. */
358 };
359
360extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
361 int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
362
363extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
364 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
365
366extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
367 size_t __statelen,
368 struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
369 __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
370
371extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
372 struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
373 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
374# endif /* Use misc. */
375#endif /* Use SVID || extended X/Open || BSD. */
376
377
378__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
379/* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive. */
380extern int rand (void) __THROW;
381/* Seed the random number generator with the given number. */
382extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
383__END_NAMESPACE_STD
384
385#ifdef __USE_POSIX
386/* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1. */
387extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
388#endif
389
390
391#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
392/* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions. */
393
394/* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0). */
395extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
396extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
397
398/* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31). */
399extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
400extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
401 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
402
403/* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31). */
404extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
405extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
406 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
407
408/* Seed random number generator. */
409extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
410extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
411 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
412extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
413
414# ifdef __USE_MISC
415/* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions. This
416 type is to be regarded as opaque. It's only exported because users
417 have to allocate objects of this type. */
418struct drand48_data
419 {
420 unsigned short int __x[3]; /* Current state. */
421 unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state. */
422 unsigned short int __c; /* Additive const. in congruential formula. */
423 unsigned short int __init; /* Flag for initializing. */
424 unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula. */
425 };
426
427/* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0). */
428extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
429 double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
430extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
431 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
432 double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
433
434/* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31). */
435extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
436 long int *__restrict __result)
437 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
438extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
439 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
440 long int *__restrict __result)
441 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
442
443/* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31). */
444extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
445 long int *__restrict __result)
446 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
447extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
448 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
449 long int *__restrict __result)
450 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
451
452/* Seed random number generator. */
453extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
454 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
455
456extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
457 struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
458
459extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
460 struct drand48_data *__buffer)
461 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
462# endif /* Use misc. */
463#endif /* Use SVID or X/Open. */
464
465#endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
466
467#ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
468# define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
469__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
470/* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory. */
471extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
472/* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0. */
473extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
474 __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
475__END_NAMESPACE_STD
476#endif
477
478#ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
479__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
480/* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
481 in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long. */
482/* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
483 the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
484 between objects pointed by the old and new pointers. */
485extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
486 __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
487/* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'. */
488extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
489__END_NAMESPACE_STD
490
491#ifdef __USE_MISC
492/* Free a block. An alias for `free'. (Sun Unices). */
493extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
494#endif /* Use misc. */
495
496#if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
497# include <alloca.h>
498#endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc. */
499
500#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
501/* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary. The storage cannot be freed. */
502extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
503#endif
504
505#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
506/* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT. */
507extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
508 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
509#endif
510
511__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
512/* Abort execution and generate a core-dump. */
513extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
514
515
516/* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called. */
517extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
518__END_NAMESPACE_STD
519
520#ifdef __USE_MISC
521/* Register a function to be called with the status
522 given to `exit' and the given argument. */
523extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
524 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
525#endif
526
527__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
528/* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
529 in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
530 perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS. */
531extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
532__END_NAMESPACE_STD
533
534#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
535__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
536/* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
537 functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'. */
538extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
539__END_NAMESPACE_C99
540#endif
541
542
543__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
544/* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist. */
545extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
546__END_NAMESPACE_STD
547
548/* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
549 programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled. */
550extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name)
551 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
552
553#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
554/* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place. */
555/* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
556 If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment. */
557extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
558#endif
559
560#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
561/* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
562 If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value. */
563extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
564 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
565
566/* Remove the variable NAME from the environment. */
567extern int unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
568#endif
569
570#ifdef __USE_MISC
571/* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
572 never made it. Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
573 for Fortran 77) requires this function. */
574extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
575#endif
576
577
578#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
579/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
580 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
581 they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
582 Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name. */
583extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
584
585/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
586 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
587 they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
588 Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
589 or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
590
591 This function is a possible cancellation points and therefore not
592 marked with __THROW. */
593# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
594extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
595# else
596# ifdef __REDIRECT
597extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
598 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
599# else
600# define mkstemp mkstemp64
601# endif
602# endif
603# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
604extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
605# endif
606#endif
607
608#ifdef __USE_BSD
609/* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
610 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
611 they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
612 Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
613 The directory is created mode 700. */
614extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
615#endif
616
617#ifdef __USE_GNU
618/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE similar to
619 mkstemp. But allow the caller to pass additional flags which are
620 used in the open call to create the file..
621
622 This function is a possible cancellation points and therefore not
623 marked with __THROW. */
624# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
625extern int mkostemp (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
626# else
627# ifdef __REDIRECT
628extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemp, (char *__template, int __flags), mkostemp64)
629 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
630# else
631# define mkostemp mkostemp64
632# endif
633# endif
634# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
635extern int mkostemp64 (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
636# endif
637#endif
638
639
640__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
641/* Execute the given line as a shell command.
642
643 This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
644 __THROW. */
645extern int system (__const char *__command) __wur;
646__END_NAMESPACE_STD
647
648
649#ifdef __USE_GNU
650/* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
651 existing named file. */
652extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name)
653 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
654#endif
655
656#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
657/* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME. If RESOLVED is
658 null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
659 PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
660 ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
661 returns the name in RESOLVED. */
662extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
663 char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
664#endif
665
666
667/* Shorthand for type of comparison functions. */
668#ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
669# define __COMPAR_FN_T
670typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
671
672# ifdef __USE_GNU
673typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
674# endif
675#endif
676
677__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
678/* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
679 of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons. */
680extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
681 size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
682 __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;
683
684/* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
685 using COMPAR to perform the comparisons. */
686extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
687 __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
688
689
690/* Return the absolute value of X. */
691extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
692extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
693__END_NAMESPACE_STD
694
695#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
696__extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
697 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
698#endif
699
700
701__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
702/* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
703 of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
704/* GCC may have built-ins for these someday. */
705extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
706 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
707extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
708 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
709__END_NAMESPACE_STD
710
711#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
712__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
713__extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
714 long long int __denom)
715 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
716__END_NAMESPACE_C99
717#endif
718
719
720#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
721/* Convert floating point numbers to strings. The returned values are
722 valid only until another call to the same function. */
723
724/* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
725 this. Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
726 with the sign of the number. */
727extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
728 int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
729
730/* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits. Set *DECPT
731 with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
732 the number. */
733extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
734 int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
735
736/* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
737 Otherwise use exponential representation. The resulting string will
738 be written to BUF. */
739extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
740 __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
741
742
743# ifdef __USE_MISC
744/* Long double versions of above functions. */
745extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
746 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
747 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
748extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
749 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
750 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
751extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
752 __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
753
754
755/* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
756 buffers. */
757extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
758 int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
759 size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
760extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
761 int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
762 size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
763
764extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
765 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
766 char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
767 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
768extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
769 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
770 char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
771 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
772# endif /* misc */
773#endif /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
774
775
776__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
777/* Return the length of the multibyte character
778 in S, which is no longer than N. */
779extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
780/* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
781 putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC. */
782extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
783 __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
784/* Put the multibyte character represented
785 by WCHAR in S, returning its length. */
786extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW __wur;
787
788
789/* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string. */
790extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs,
791 __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
792/* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string. */
793extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
794 __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
795 __THROW;
796__END_NAMESPACE_STD
797
798
799#ifdef __USE_SVID
800/* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
801 or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
802 in the program's current locale. Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
803 negative, and -1 if not matching. */
804extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
805#endif
806
807
808#ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
809/* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
810 strings in TOKENS. If found return index and set *VALUEP to
811 optional value introduced by an equal sign. If the suboption is
812 not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
813 suboption. On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
814 token or at the terminating NUL character. */
815extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
816 char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
817 char **__restrict __valuep)
818 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
819#endif
820
821
822#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
823/* Setup DES tables according KEY. */
824extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
825#endif
826
827
828/* X/Open pseudo terminal handling. */
829
830#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
831/* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle. */
832extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
833#endif
834
835#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
836/* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
837 perform an operation on the associated slave: */
838
839/* Chown the slave to the calling user. */
840extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
841
842/* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
843 Call after grantpt(). */
844extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
845
846/* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
847 the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
848 The returned storage is good until the next call to this function. */
849extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
850#endif
851
852#ifdef __USE_GNU
853/* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
854 terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
855 Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number. */
856extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
857 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
858
859/* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor. */
860extern int getpt (void);
861#endif
862
863#ifdef __USE_BSD
864/* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
865 NELEM elements of LOADAVG. Return the number written (never more than
866 three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred. */
867extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
868 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
869#endif
870
871
872/* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows. */
873#if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __extern_always_inline
874# include <bits/stdlib.h>
875#endif
876#ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
877# include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
878#endif
879
880#endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
881#undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
882
883__END_DECLS
884
885#endif /* stdlib.h */
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| Letzte Änderung: 06.05.2002 | © Prof. Dr. Uwe Schmidt |
